The historic core of Birmingham, along with Edgbaston and northern neighbourhoods such as Sutton Coldfield, Erdington, and Sheldon, lies in the historic county of. Northwestern neighbourhoods, such as Handsworth and Kingstanding, and Harborne in the southwest lie in the historic county of. Southern and eastern neighbourhoods—such as Bartley Green, Northfield, Moseley, and Yardley—belong to the historic county of. Area city and metropolitan borough, 103 square miles (268 square km).
Moody's assigns Aa2 to Birmingham, AL's $38M GO Conv. CABs, Series 2015-A1, $23M GO Current Int Bonds, Series 2015-A2 and $15M.
(2001) city and metropolitan borough, 977,087; urban agglom., 2,284,093; (2011) city and metropolitan borough, 1,073,045; urban agglom. (West Midlands built-up area), 2,440,986. HistoryBirmingham’s first market charter was granted in 1166, but it was not until the 14th century that it emerged as a settlement of any significance. Its lack of river transport, by cutting it off from maritime contacts important in the period, impeded its development from a small manufacturing town to a large city until the late 18th century, when it became the leading nucleus of the in.
Birmingham’s population grew from 15,000 in the late 17th century to 70,000 a century later; its metal and gun-making trades expanded, fine was made alongside cheaper lines, and its brass buttons and trinkets served a world market. The engineers (inventor of the steam engine), and (pioneers in development), the chemist, and the printer all lived in the city at that time and greatly contributed to the technological progress of Birmingham and the country. Boulton’s Soho Manufactory, which developed the steam engine for industrial use, became famous throughout Europe. It was not until after the Reform Act of 1832 that Birmingham elected its own members to, and the city was not incorporated until 1838.
In that same year, rail links to and London were completed. In 1873 the rich local industrialist became the city’s mayor, and during his three-year he initiated important reforms, among them sweeping and city-centre redevelopment schemes. Birmingham became a British pioneer in town-planning schemes (1911), one-way-traffic experiments (1933), and municipal airports (1939).
Wartime industrial activity and heavy bombing left the city exhausted in 1945, but it eventually began razing slums and bombed-out areas in the central districts and replacing them with tall blocks of apartments and office buildings. A new inner ring road system, a rebuilt central train station, and new shopping and commercial complexes were part of the city’s postwar transformation. There is also a network of canals in the northwestern and southern parts of the city.
Facts Matter. Support the truth and unlock all of Britannica’s content.The contemporary cityBirmingham remains the chief centre of Britain’s light and medium industry and is still sometimes described as “the city of 1,001 different trades.” The key to its economic success was the of its industrial base, though it has been principally concerned with the metal and engineering trades. The largest single industry in terms of employment is the production of motor vehicles. Bicycles and motorcycles are made in the area, though the bicycle trade has declined. The city is also one of the main centres of the machine-tool industry.
Since the 1970s, however, the city’s service sector has grown to rival the manufacturing sector. The central focus of Birmingham is Victoria Square, with the classical Town Hall (1834), the Renaissance-style Council House (1874–81), and the City of Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, which is noted for its Pre-Raphaelite paintings and its English watercolours. Philip’s Cathedral (1715), in its green churchyard, forms another focus, and the Georgian area around St. Paul’s Church (1779) also has a character of its own. Other centres have formed around St. Chad’s Cathedral (Roman Catholic), designed by (1841); Centenary Square (1989) and the International Convention Centre (1991); and the Bullring (2003), whose centerpiece, Selfridges, has won numerous design awards.
The store’s curved form, covered with 15,000 aluminum discs, serves as a dramatic counterpoint to its neighbour, the Neo-Gothic St. Martin’s Church.Birmingham is the cultural centre for a wide area. The Birmingham Repertory Theatre, opened in 1913, has acquired national renown. The Birmingham Hippodrome plays host to original theatrical productions and serves as the home for the Birmingham company.
The Midlands Arts Centre for Young People, built in the 1960s, houses theatres, a concert hall, an art gallery, and workshops and studios. The Birmingham and Midland Institute also has educational and artistic facilities. The city’s symphony orchestra—based at the International Convention Centre’s Symphony Hall—has toured the globe.
Birmingham’s Central Public Library is one of the largest municipal libraries in the country. The University of Birmingham (1900), Aston University (1966), and Birmingham City University (1992; formerly the University of Central England) are the chief institutions of. The Selly Oak group of colleges and King Edward’s School (founded 1552) are private institutions. The city and its suburbs are home to the Aston Villa, Birmingham City, and Albion professional (soccer) clubs, and the Warwickshire County Cricket Club plays its home matches at the historic Edgbaston Cricket Ground. Famous residents have included,.